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When it comes to setting up network devices on Windows 10 PCs, many reasons require you to know some basic networking terms. MAC, IP, and DNS addresses are some of the most commonly used terms. Knowing their details would help you when you are setting up a new router or troubleshooting network issues.
See full list on wikihow.com. MAC addresses are used in the local network while IP addresses can be used to identify network devices all around the world. Method 1: How to Find Your MAC Address in Windows 10 with Command Prompt. This free MAC address converter can convert any MAC address to an IPV4 IP Address and an IPV6 internet protocol Address (IP). It takes MAC Address as an input string and generates a query against given MAC address and selected conversion like MAC to IPV6 or MAC. MAC addresses are used in the local network while IP addresses can be used to identify network devices all around the world. Method 1: How to Find Your MAC Address in Windows 10 with Command Prompt.
In this post today, we will be exploring a few nifty ways to find the MAC, IP and DNS Addresses on Windows 10 systems.
1. IP Address
What Is an IP Address
An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a unique identifier in the form of a numerical label for your system when it connects to a computer network. It's a string of numbers and separated by periods.
Every device connected to a network has one such address assigned. These addresses bear the location details of both the sender and receiver on a network, just like parcels. Every computer gets a different IP address whenever connecting to the internet or locally on your LAN or Wi-Fi network.
Tip: It's worth noting that you can mask your IP addresses as well to hide it from prying eyes.So, if you do notice something fishy you can seek the help of IP lookup tools to check for the origin and other related details.
There's more to IP addresses such as different types of addresses (Static, Dynamic, Private) and different versions (IPv4 and IPv6). Thankfully, finding out the IP address of your computer isn't rocket science. You can find it either through Command Prompt or the Settings.
How to Find IP Address Through Command Prompt
Hit the Windows Key+R keys to open the Run window and type cmd to open the Command Prompt. Type the following command as shown in the screenshot below.
You'll see one or two blocks depending on the network your computer is connected (Ethernet and Wi-Fi). You'll see a single block if the computer connects to either Wi-Fi or Ethernet.
The address displayed next to the IPv4 address is your IP address.
Cool Tip: The string of number next to Physical Address is the MAC address of your network adapter.How to Find IP Address Through Settings
Head over to Settings (Windows key + I) and click on Network & Internet. Once in, select Wi-Fi from the left menu (or Ethernet if you are connected via LAN).
Now, click on Hardware Properties. Your system's IP address will appear next to IPv4 label.
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Read More2. MAC Address
What Is a MAC Address
Media Access Control (MAC) address are unique addresses for each device that can connect to a network. Unlike IP address, which keeps changing on connecting to different networks, MAC address is permanent. And it represents physical address of your system, be it a PC, laptop or any device that connects to a network.
One of the primary uses of MAC address is identifying the other connected devices in the network, using which you can block devices from your home/office WiFi network.
Aside from the above method, there are two other methods, to find out MAC address.
How To Find Your MAC Address In Windows 10 | Laptop Mag
How to Find MAC Address Through PowerShell
Alternatively, you can use Windows Powershell to fetch the said address. Open PowerShell and enter the following command:
Unlike Command Prompt, this doesn't fetch every minute detail. Instead, it gets you the basic network information including Bluetooth network connection, Ethernet and Wi-Fi.
How to Find MAC Address Through Settings
Alternatively, you may click on the Wi-Fi icon on your PC's taskbar > Properties.
That will take you the profile of that network. Scroll down, and you'll be able to see the MAC address.
3. DNS Address
What Is a DNS Address
DNS or Domain Name System helps in managing and mapping the IP addresses of all the websites. You can equate it with a phone directory. So, when you request for a particular site from your browser, the name is checked on the DNS server which in turn relays the IP address to your browser.
It's worth to be noted that different DNS servers take a varying amount of time to reply, and it could impact your browsing speed.
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Read MoreHow to Find DNS Address Through Command Prompt
Both Command Prompt and PowerShell can be used to find the DNS address to which your PC is connected. If you prefer to use Command Prompt, start by typing the following command:
Cool Tip: The same command also works in PowerShell.How to Find DNS Address Through Control Panel
You can also find the DNS address via the Control Panel. Go to Settings and select Network & Internet. Click on Wi-Fi (or Ethernet) and scroll down until you see Network and Sharing Center.
Once in, click on the network name, and then on Details.
The value next to IPv4 DNS Server is your system's DNS address.
That's a Wrap!
So, this is how you can find the IP address, MAC address, and DNS server. Knowing the respective commands to find out the exact details about either of them will help you save time. Also, you can easily use those addresses to troubleshoot any connectivity woes or strengthen your network's security.
Did you know that there's a way to find out which DNS is fastest for you? If no, don't forget to check out the next post.
The above article may contain affiliate links which help support Guiding Tech. However, it does not affect our editorial integrity. The content remains unbiased and authentic.Read Next5 Ways to Boost Your WiFi SignalAlso See#windows 10 #network
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How would you communicate with a device when you don’t have the IP?
You might be in a situation where you don’t have the IP address of a device in a local network, but all you have is records of the MAC or hardware address.
Or your computer is unable to display its IP due to various reasons, and you are getting a “No Valid IP Address” error.
Finding the IP from a known MAC address should be the task of a ReverseARP application, the counterpart of ARP.
But RARP is an obsolete protocol with many disadvantages, so it was quickly replaced by other protocols like BOOTP and DHCP, which deal directly with IP addresses.
In this article, we’ll show you how to find IPs and device vendors using MAC addresses with different methods for free.
Understanding ARP
ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) is the protocol in charge of finding MAC addresses with IPs in local network segments.
It operates with frames on the data link layer.
As you might already know, devices in the data link layer depend on MAC addresses for their communication.
Their frames encapsulate packets that contain IP address information.
A device must know the destination MAC address to communicate locally through media types like Ethernet or Wifi, in layer 2 of the OSI model.
Understanding how ARP works can help you find IPs and MAC addresses quickly.
The following message flow diagram can help you understand the concept:
- The local computer sends a ping (ICMP echo request) to a destination IP address (remote computer) within the same segment. Unfortunately, the local computer does not know the MAC address… it only knows the IP address.
- The destination hardware address is unknown, so the ICMP echo request is put on hold. The local computer only knows its source/destination IP and its source MAC addresses. ARP uses two types of messages, ARP Request and Reply.
The local computer sends an ARP REQUEST message to find the owner of the IP address in question.
This message is sent to all devices within the same segment or LAN through a broadcast MAC (FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF) as the destination.
Ping To Get Mac Address
- Because the remote computer is part of the same network segment, it receives the broadcast message sent by the local computer. All other computers in the LAN also receive the broadcast but they know that the destination IP is not theirs, so they discard the packet. Only the remote computer with destination IP, responds to the ARP REQUEST with an ARP REPLY, which contains the target MAC address.
- The local computer receives the ARP REPLY with the MAC address. It then resumes the ICMP echo request, and finally, the remote computer responds with an ICMP echo reply.
Finding IPs with ARP
You can use ARP to obtain an IP from a known MAC address.
But first, it is important to update your local ARP table in order to get information from all devices in the network.
Send a ping (ICMP echo reply) to the entire LAN, to get all the MAC entries on the table.
To ping the entire LAN, you can send a broadcast to your network.
Open the Command Prompt in Windows or terminal in macOS and type.
ping 192.168.0.255
My subnet is 192.168.0.0/24 (mask of 255.255.255.0), so the broadcast address is 192.168.0.255 which can be calculated or found with a “Print Route” command in Windows or a “netstat -nr” in macOS. Or can also be obtained with a subnet calculator.
For Windows:
Step 1.
- Open the CMD (Command Prompt)
- Go to the “Start” menu and select “Run” or press (Windows key + R) to open the Run application
- In the “Open” textbox type “cmd” and press “Ok”.
This will open the command-line interface in Windows.
Step 2.
- Enter the “arp” command.
- The arp command without any additional arguments will give you a list of options that you can use.
Step 3.
- Use the arp with additional arguments to find the IP within the same network segment.
- With the command “arp -a” you can see the ARP table and its entries recently populated by your computer with the broadcast ping.
Step 4.
- Reading the output.
- The information displayed in the arp-a is basically the ARP table on your computer.
- It shows a list with IP addresses, their corresponding physical address (or MAC), and the type of allocation (dynamic or static).
Let’s say you have the MAC address 60-30-d4-76-b8-c8 (which is a macOS device) and you want to know the IP.
From the results shown above, you can map the MAC address to the IP address in the same line.
The IP Address is 192.168.0.102 (which is in the same network segment) belongs to 60-30-d4-76-b8-c8.
You can forget about those 224.0.0.x and 239.0.0.x addresses, as they are multicast IPs.
For macOS:
Step 1:
- Open the Terminal App. go to Applications > Utilities > Terminal or Launchpad > Other > Terminal.
Step 2:
- Enter the “arp” command with an “-a” flag.
- Once you enter the command “arp -a” you’ll receive a list with all ARP entries to the ARP Table in your computer.
- The output will show a line with the IP address followed by the MAC address, the interface, and the allocation type (dynamic/static).
Finding IPs with the DHCP Server
The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is the network protocol used by TCP/IP to dynamically allocate IP addresses and other characteristics to devices in a network.
The DHCP works with a client/server mode.
The DHCP server is the device in charge of assigning IP addresses in a network, and the client is usually your computer.
For home networks or LANs, the DHCP Server is typically a router or gateway.
If you have access to the DHCP Server, you can view all relationships with IPs, MACs, interfaces, name of the device, and lease time in your LAN.
Step 1.
- Log into the DHCP Server. In this example, the DHCP server is the home gateway.
- If you don’t know the IP address of your DHCP Server/ Gateway, you can run an ipconfig (in Windows) or ifconfig (in macOS/Linux).
- This particular DHCP Server/Gateway has a web interface.
Step 2.
- Enter the IP address on the search bar of the web browser, and input the right credentials.
Step 3.
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- Find the DHCP Clients List.
- In this TP-Link router, the DHCP Server functionality comes as an additional feature.
- Go to DHCP > DHCP Clients List. From this list, you can see the mapping between MAC addresses and their assigned IPs.
Using Sniffers
If you couldn’t find the IP in the ARP list or unfortunately don’t have access to the DHCP Server, as a last resort, you can use a sniffer.
Packet sniffers or network analyzers like Nmap (or Zenmap which is the GUI version) are designed for network security.
They can help identify attacks and vulnerabilities in the network.
With Nmap, you can actively scan your entire network and find IPs, ports, protocols, MACs, etc.
If you are trying to find the IP from a known MAC with a sniffer like Nmap, look for the MAC address within the scan results.
How to find the Device and IP with a Sniffer?
Step 1.
- Keep records of your network IP address information.
- In this case, my network IP is 192.168.0.0/24. If you don’t know it, a quick “ipconfig” in Windows cmd or an “ifconfig” in macOS or Linux terminal can show you the local IP and mask.
- If you can’t subnet, go online to a subnet calculator and find your network IP.
Step 2.
- Download and open Nmap.
- Download Nmap from this official link https://nmap.org/download.html and follow its straightforward installation process.
Step 3.
- Open Nmap (or Zenmap) and use the command “sudo nmap -sn (network IP)” to scan the entire network (without port scan).
- The command will list machines that respond to the Ping and will include their MAC address along with the vendor.
- Don’t forget the “sudo” command.
- Without it, you will not see MAC addresses.
Finding out the device vendor from a MAC address
Ok, so now you were able to find out the IP address using “arp -a” command or through the DHCP Server.
But what if you want to know more details about that particular device?
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What vendor is it?
Your network segment or LAN might be full of different devices, from computers, firewalls, routers, mobiles, printers, TVs, etc.
And MAC addresses contain key information for knowing more details about each network device.
First, it is essential to understand the format of the MAC address.
Traditional MAC addresses are 48 bits represented in 12-digit hexadecimal numbers (or six octets).
The first half of the six octets represent the Organizational Unique Identifier (OUI) and the other half is the Network Interface Controller (NIC) which is unique for every device in the world.
There is not much we can do about the NIC, other than communicating with it.
But the OUI can give us useful information about the vendor if you didn’t use Nmap, which can also give you the hardware vendor.
A free online OUI lookup tool like Wireshark OUI Lookup can help you with this.
Just enter the MAC address on the OUI search, and the tool will look at the first three octets and correlate with its manufacturing database.
Final Words
Although the RARP (the counterpart of ARP) was specifically designed to find IPs from MAC addresses, it was quickly discontinued because it had many drawbacks.
RARP was quickly replaced by DHCP and BOOTP.
But ARP is still one of the core functions of the IP layer in the TCP/IP protocol stack.
It finds MAC addresses from known IPs, which is most common in today’s communications.
ARP works under the hood to keep a frequently used list of MACs and IPs.
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But you can also use it to see the current mappings with the command arp -a.
Aside from ARP, you can also use DHCP to view IP information. DHCP Servers are usually in charge of IP assignments.
If you have access to the DHCP server, go into the DHCP Client list and identify the IP with the MAC address.
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Finally, you can use a network sniffer like Nmap, scan your entire network, and find IPs, and MACs.
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If you only want to know the vendor, an online OUI lookup like Wireshark can help you find it quickly.